Thyroid Regulation and Dysfunction in the Pregnant Patient
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Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy
INFLUENCE OF METABOLIC CHANGES IN PREGNANCY Pregnancy is a complex metabolic state that involves dramatic alterations in the hormonal milieu in addition to changes in adipokines and inflammatory...
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Calcium Metabolism during Pregnancy and Lactation
INTRODUCTION During gestation the average fetus requires about 30 g of calcium to mineralize its skeleton and maintain normal physiological processes. The suckling neonate requires more than this...
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Endocrinology of Pregnancy
ABSTRACT A coordinated sequence of events must occur in order to establish and successfully maintain a healthy pregnancy. Synchrony between the development of the early embryo and establishment of a...
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Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders of Pregnancy
PITUITARY DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY Anterior Pituitary Gland The pituitary enlarges throughout pregnancy, approximately 136% overall (1) and may become hyperintense on scan.(2) This enlargement is due...
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Benign Breast Disease in Women
ABSTRACT Benign breast disease in women is a very common finding and results in a diagnosis in approximately one million women annually in the United States (1). An understanding of the hormonal and...
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Effect of Pregnancy on Lipid Metabolism and Lipoprotein Levels
ABSTRACT Lipoprotein lipid physiology in pregnancy has important implications for the developing fetus and newborn as well as the mother. Cholesterol is essential for normal fetal development. It is...
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Thyroid Regulation and Dysfunction in the Pregnant Patient
ABSTRACT Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. During the past 2 years significant clinical and scientific advances have occurred in the field. This chapter reviews the physiology...
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Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus
ABSTRACT The physiologic changes which occur during the reproductive cycle are vast and involve every body system. In this chapter, we will review the metabolic changes that occur during normal...
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Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer Prior to, During, and Following Pregnancy
ABSTRACT Thyroid cancer is the second most common malignancy to co-occur in pregnancy. Further, the rising prevalence of treated thyroid cancer in women of child-bearing age means that survivors of...
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